{"id":63,"date":"2008-06-09T21:51:02","date_gmt":"2008-06-10T00:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mrtrader.com.ar\/?p=63"},"modified":"2008-06-09T21:53:16","modified_gmt":"2008-06-10T00:53:16","slug":"nirvana-approach-enfoque-nirvana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mrtrader.com.ar\/?p=63","title":{"rendered":"Nirvana approach ( Enfoque Nirvana )"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"765270920-17092007\">En muchos debates de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, aunque menos de lo que uno desear\u00eda,\u00a0es com\u00fan recurrir a <\/span>criterios de eficiencia\u00a0<span class=\"765270920-17092007\">(tambi\u00e9n llamado criterio costo-beneficio) <\/span>para evaluar arreglos institucionales.\u00a0<span class=\"765270920-17092007\">Como tantas cosas,\u00a0el\u00a0uso descuidado de los criterios de eficiencia puede conducir a razonamientos falaces. <\/span>En un famoso paper de 1969, Harold Demsetz critic\u00f3 duramente el enfoque de eficiencia usado por\u00a0<span class=\"765270920-17092007\">algunos\u00a0<\/span>economistas<span class=\"765270920-17092007\"> (<\/span>en particular<span class=\"765270920-17092007\">, su\u00a0argumento iba contra <\/span>Kenneth Arrow<span class=\"765270920-17092007\">, premio nobel de econom\u00eda<\/span><span class=\"765270920-17092007\">)<\/span>.\u00a0<span class=\"765270920-17092007\"> <\/span>Demsetz llam\u00f3 a esto el \u00ab<em><strong>Nirvana approach<\/strong><\/em>\u00ab.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>La idea b\u00e1sica es que si uno compara los arreglos institucionales del mundo real con una \u00ab<strong>norma ideal<\/strong>\u00bb (a menudo inexistente o irrealizable) es muy f\u00e1cil concluir que el mundo real es ineficiente. Como sabemos, un enfoque comparado m\u00e1s \u00fatil consiste en evaluar los arreglos institucionales alternativos del mundo de real y, quiz\u00e1 usando la norma ideal como criterio, concluir que el arreglo que menos discrepe de esta norma es <em><strong>second-best efficient<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>La sutil distinci\u00f3n entre estos enfoques es importante pues mientras el <em>Nirvana approach<\/em> te lleva a concluir que (casi) todo el mundo es ineficiente, el segundo enfoque te permite hallar (algunos) casos relativamente eficientes, dadas las restricciones del mundo real.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan Demsetz, el <em>Nirvana approach<\/em> puede conducir a tres falacias adicionales:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The grass is always greener fallacy.<\/strong><\/em> Una vez que detectas una ineficiencia en el mundo real (digamos, una falla de mercado) inmediatamente asumir que una intervenci\u00f3n (gubernamental, colectiva, divina, oenegera, etc.) puede llevarte a un mundo mejor. El problema es suponer que una alternativa a\u00fan no examinada es necesariamente superior al statu quo.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The fallacy of the free lunch.<\/strong><\/em> Suponer que tal intervenci\u00f3n puede llevarse a cabo sin costos sociales significativos o sin distorsi\u00f3n alguna en los incentivos (a veces perversos) del mundo real. El problema es que si estos costos son m\u00e1s elevados que la ineficiencia detectada, a veces lo eficiente es dejar las cosas tal y como est\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The people could be different fallacy.<\/strong><\/em> Suponer que la mentada ineficiencia del mundo real desaparecer\u00eda por arte de magia si tan s\u00f3lo la gente fuera \u00abmejor\u00bb (o m\u00e1s consciente, altruista, civilizada, sensata, educada, etc.) El problema es que es poco probable que la naturaleza humana cambie.<\/p>\n<p>Las primeras dos falacias casi siempre aparecen juntas en muchos argumentos populares y acad\u00e9micos, mientras que la tercera puede aparecer sola o acompa\u00f1ada. Por otro lado, noten que la argumentaci\u00f3n de Demsetz puede conducir a conclusiones conservadoras.\u00a0<span class=\"765270920-17092007\">En cualquier caso, s<\/span><span class=\"765270920-17092007\">er\u00eda deseable que\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"765270920-17092007\">nuestros analistas consideraran este tipo de problemas <\/span>a la hora de evaluar el mundo o hacer propuestas<span class=\"765270920-17092007\"> de pol\u00edtica para mejorarlo<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"765270920-17092007\">Referencia: <\/span><strong>Demsetz, Harold (1969). \u00abInformation and Efficiency: Another Viewpoint\u00bb<\/strong>, <em>Journal of Law and Economics<\/em> 12(1), p. 1-22.<\/p>\n<p>Fuente : <a href=\"http:\/\/publiceconomics.blogspot.com\/2007\/09\/el-enfoque-nirvana.html\">http:\/\/publiceconomics.blogspot.com\/2007\/09\/el-enfoque-nirvana.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En muchos debates de pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica, aunque menos de lo que uno desear\u00eda,\u00a0es com\u00fan recurrir a criterios de eficiencia\u00a0(tambi\u00e9n llamado criterio costo-beneficio) para evaluar arreglos institucionales.\u00a0Como tantas cosas,\u00a0el\u00a0uso descuidado de los criterios de eficiencia puede conducir a razonamientos falaces. En un famoso paper de 1969, Harold Demsetz critic\u00f3 duramente el enfoque de eficiencia usado por\u00a0algunos\u00a0economistas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[49,50,51],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nirvana approach ( Enfoque Nirvana ) - M r. T r a d e r<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mrtrader.com.ar\/?p=63\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nirvana approach ( Enfoque Nirvana ) - M r. 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